Unrealistic optimism psychology2/27/2023 Results: The results showed that positive anticipatory states are positively associated with psychological wellbeing. Therefore 1,471 participants received an online survey, which was administered as a set of questionnaires investigating three areas: demographic information, psychological wellbeing, and risk of contagion perception. Method: Based on the differences between the two constructs, as from the literature, the hypothesis is that individuals with higher levels of optimism would report positive but hazy future scenarios and lower levels of risk perception about the future. Introduction: The present study investigates the lockdown experience in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic within a positive psychology framework, focusing on the protective role of the positive anticipatory states: optimism and hope.Īims: The aims were to verify if and how optimism and hope influenced people’s psychological wellbeing and their risk perception of the situation, addressing how individuals portrayed the present and how they imagined the future after the lockdown. The association between self‐enhancement and physical health fluctuates across measures of both constructs calling for more focussed and nuanced investigations. 03, k = 41) or narcissism (r = −.0001, k = 8), and for self‐rated health (r =. 18, k = 6) than social desirability (r =. However, this association was more pronounced for comparative judgement (r =. Overall, self‐enhancement yielded a near‐zero association with physical health, r =. Further, the meta‐analysis operationalized physical health in terms of self‐rated health, symptoms and biomarkers. The meta‐analysis relied predominantly on social desirability as an operationalization of self‐enhancement and secondarily on comparative judgement and narcissism. This article presents the first meta‐analysis of the association between self‐enhancement and physical health (k = 87 N = 22,415). Measures that strengthen publicity and transparency regarding recovery rates should be taken to help reduce public perceptions of risk and promote an optimistic life attitude.Ī prior meta‐analysis yielded a positive relation between self‐enhancement and psychological health. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect are notable intermediary variables. These findings indicate that risk perception can make a difference in one’s life optimism during a high-risk pandemic. Finally, through Study 3 (N = 186) and Study 4 (N = 217), we revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism can be extended to overall subjective well-being and confirmed the indirect effects via perceived control and negative affect. In Study 2 (N = 191), we manipulated perceived risk of the pandemic and determined that experiencing a high-risk pandemic psychologically led to decreased optimism. In Study 1 (N = 599), through a large-scale cross-sectional design, we showed the indirect effect of risk perception on optimism through perceived control and negative affect with structural equation modeling. Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern worldwide, how can optimism be maintained during an outbreak of a collective pandemic? We propose that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of a pandemic.
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